Training for Skiing and Snowboarding 

If you are a skier or snowboarder, this is your season. Every year around Thanksgiving the stoke kicks in and you probably tell yourself, ‘I need to get in shape for ski/snowboard season.’ Ideally, you would start a sport-specific training program about 6-8 weeks prior to hitting the mountain. However, assuming you have a good metabolic and strength base, I recommend at least 2-3 weeks of sport-specific training to prepare your body for the demands of the sport.  Your sport-specific preparatory program needs to address the following variables:

1. Cardiovascular demands
2. Mobility demands
3. Stability / strength / endurance demands
4. Environmental demands

Cardiovascular Demands

Skiing and snowboarding require the body to switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Essentially, you should have a good aerobic base and also have the ability to tolerate quick, short bursts of high energy output. What’s the best way to train for this?

• Common aerobic training methods include jogging, elliptical, biking, and swimming. Start with a distance / time that feels easy and progressively increase that distance / time over the course of each workout, taking 1 day off in between cardio workouts. A general guideline would be to increase your total distance / time by 10-20% each week.
• Common anaerobic training methods include higher intensity, shorter duration versions of the aforementioned aerobic methods. For example, instead of a light jog, sprint  for 30 seconds or less. Then rest about 1.5-2 minutes, and repeat. (the work to rest ratio for higher intensity workouts should be at least 1:3). A general guideline is to perform anaerobic training 2-3x / week for about 20 minutes per session. You can do these intervals on a bike, or in a pool, or using stairs, or in combination with strength / endurance training via high intensity interval training (HIIT).

Mobility Demands

The mobility demands of skiing and snowboarding are different, so I will give general principles here. And I’m not only referring to flexibility, but rather the ability to control your movement in all planes of motion. We move in three planes of motion:

1. Sagittal plane – straight forward / back
2. Frontal plane – side to side
3. Transverse plane – rotational

One good quick test of mobility for the sagittal plane is the overhead squat popularized by the Functional Movement Screen (FMS). If you are able to perform this test hitting the following criteria, then you likely have sufficient mobility in the sagittal plane of motion:

1. Upper trunk parallel with lower leg or toward vertical
2. Hips below horizontal
3. Knees aligned over feet
4. Dowel / bar aligned over feet

If you are unable to meet the above criteria, you would benefit from spending time working on your ability to achieve this position. I recommend starting by either using a support or spending more time under tension at a depth that you can achieve (take 10 seconds to achieve the depth, hold for 10 seconds, then slowly come out of the position). Do this 10x every day. When It comes to the frontal and transverse planes of motion the most important joints to address are the hip joints. To keep it simple, you should move your hips in every direction, every day, period! It is far better to perform 5-10 minutes of mobility work every day than to spend 1 hour one or two days per week. For an example of a short, daily hip mobility routine, click here.

Stability / Strength / Endurance Demands

The strength demands of skiing and snowboarding are also different, primarily as it relates to single-leg vs double-leg stability and strength. However, in general, a sport-specific training program for both should include aspects of the following:

• Balance
• Core strength and endurance
• Multi-directional upper and lower body strength and endurance
• Double leg and single-leg
• Elasticity training (plyometric training)

HERE is an example of a good preparatory program designed specifically to prepare you for ski and snowboard season. This workout is focused on body weight only, though once you are able to perform without added load, adding load slowly will greatly enhance the benefits. To further challenge your core, click here

Environmental demands

The primary issue at hand here is altitude. Once you are at altitude the basic rules apply:

1. Drink lots of water
2. Avoid or minimize alcohol
3. Eat small snacks and meals

However, in preparation for altitude, you can do two things to help mitigate any challenges:

1. Increase your aerobic and anaerobic capacity as much as possible (see above)
2. Deep breathing techniques, such as those popularized by Wim Hof, may help increase your adaptation to altitude – Try this

Remember, ideally you would start addressing this sport-specific preparatory program 6-8 weeks prior to your first day on the slopes. But, it’s never too late! And even better, keep it going throughout the year so that you can be ready whenever the snow comes calling.